More Websites:

http://www.witchonthego.com/structure.html

http://ariannasmoon.tripod.com/wiccasite/index.htm

http://spells-witchcraft.org/book-of-shadows.html

Reflection #2

When I was researching Wicca, I didn’t realize that there were different kinds of Wiccan practices. I guess I’m used to being a Catholic so much where no matter what church you go to, the mass is held in the same order, with the same or similar songs and everything is traditionally repeated. But with Wicca, each witch is supposed to practice in their own fashion. So some may tie in Buddhism, the feminist philosophy of Cixous or Irigaray into their Wiccan practices. I was paging through one of my sources, History of Witchcraft, when I turned to page 168 and found a group of eight people running around a circle completely naked. It was very unexpected so I read the caption next to it: “Alex Sanders leading a ritual dance at the sabbat, which is often performed ‘skyclad’-naked- in order to reduce inhibitions that might impede the flow of magical power.” After I was taken by surprise with that photo, I started paying more attention to the photos in the book. I was surprised to see even more ritual practices that were each unique. For example, sometimes Wiccans may dress up like the Horned God and the Moon Goddess with a veil on the woman with a crown overtop that has a moon and the pentacle on it. The man wore a mask that had two horns and almost looked like it branched out like a triceratops, but the “branching out” part appeared to be leaves. There is another practice that apparently comes in different degrees because a picture was described as “The First Degree Initiation of Janet Farrar in a ritual conducted by Alex and Maxine Sanders” and it included “biding and blindfolding [as] a part of the death and rebirth symbolism embodied in the ceremony of initiation.” After finding out that there are different ways to practice Wicca, I’m trying to decide how specific I should make my paper on it. Should I describe each of the more commonly known and popular rituals or should I just state that each witch practices Wicca in their own way?

Annotated Bibliography

"Basic Tenets of Wicca Craft." Wicca.org. Ed. Church and School of Wicca. Church and School of Wicca, 26 Sept. 2006. Web. 9 Apr. 2010. In Wicca, they have a design which is a five-pointed star, each of the points is supposed to remind a Wiccan of the Wiccan Rede. These five points are Harmony, reincarnation, power through knowledge, law of attraction and Deity is supposed to exist in the center of the star. All five of these points reflect good natured, peaceful and self-fulfilling ideas that are the center of Wicca.“Wicca—Reaching towards Deity in spiritual growth is considered vertical. Craft—Magic and matters of this world are horizontal (pragmatic). Achieving growth in both matters is a way to find balance (harmony). Wicca-Craft.” “Law of Attraction: What I do to other living creatures, I will draw to myself. Shakespeare called this Measure for Measure. It can also be expressed as ‘birds of a feather flock together.’ We do not, however, ascribe to the commonly called Law of Three where what I do comes back to me three times.”

National Geographic, prod. "Wicca." National Geographic. National Geographic. NGC, Washington, D.C. YouTube.com. YouTube, LLC. Web. In this video, it featured a woman who lives in England and she just became a Wiccan. They were celebrating the next spring that was coming and they were performing a secret ritual to make incense and to get ready for spring. Wiccan practices appear to happen everywhere and they are, again, peaceful practices that are designed to celebrate life between the Goddess and the Earth and it this community in England, people are starting to be accepted. “Wiccans worships the gods and spirits of nature, in return for their faith the spirits grant them the power of magic.” (0:13-0:20) “I’m very careful about who I tell. Umm…I’m very careful about who sees my pentacle. There it is. That sits by me and I have a great belief that it should be next to my body as opposed to on show. There’s a lot of prejudice still.” (0:57-0:60)

Guiley, Rosemary E. "Church and School of Wicca." The Encyclopedia of Witches and Witchcraft. Second ed. New York: Facts On File, 1999. 57-58. Print. In her introduction, Rosemary’s thesis would probably be that there is a strong difference between the religious Witchcraft and the sorcerers kind of witchcraft which she is trying to distinguish and that Wicca (or Witchcraft) is becoming exceedingly more and more popular and understood. “The Church of Wicca, founded in 1968, is the oldest recognized church of witchcraft in the United States, achieving federal recognition in 1972.” “Founded by Gavin and Yvonne Frost.” “Gavin serves as archbishop and Yvonne as bishop. They obtained their doctorates of divinity from the church.” “…in 1985, Dettmer v. Landon, the District Court of Virginia ruled that witchcraft is a legitimate religion. The decision was appealed by Virginia prison authorities.” “In 1986, Judge J. Buther of the Federal Appeals Court affirmed the decision.”

Guiley, Rosemary E. "Council of American Witches." The Encyclopedia of Witches and Witchcraft. Second ed. New York: Facts On File, 1999. 65-66. Print. In her introduction, Rosemary’s thesis would probably be that there is a strong difference between the religious Witchcraft and the sorcerers kind of witchcraft which she is trying to distinguish and that Wicca (or Witchcraft) is becoming exceedingly more and more popular and understood. “[Carl] Weschcke believed that the formulation of a common set of principles and definitions would help dispel myths about witchcraft and distinguish it from Satanism in the eyes of the public and press.”

Gibson, Marion. Witchcraft Myths in American Culture. New York: Routledge, 2007. Print. In her introduction her thesis would probably be that Witchcraft has been present for many years, from the past with the Salem hunting, to the Wizard of Oz and Bewitched and that it will continue to be present for many more years.. She highlighted what each of her chapters will be covering and then she went on to list all of the people and places that helped her write her book. “Each generation innovated, and added to the eclectic traditions handed down to it. Each Witch tried to find a way of making the Craft work for her or him-a dash of Buddhism here, or the feminist philosophy of Cixous or Irigaray there.” Pg. 167 “Leo Martello wrote of American Wicca more generally that while European traditions say that a Witch is born, not made, Anglo-American covens say, ‘A Witch is made, not born.’ Although this distinction is not always true, it reflects perfectly the mythos of America and thus of her Witches, too: American Witches are generally self-made.” Pg. 165-166

Russell, Jeffrey Burton., and Brooks Alexander. A History of Witchcraft: Sorcerers, Heretics and Pagans. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2007. Print. Their thesis statement would probably be that no witch has ever probably fit the common stereotype of a “witch” with the warts, conical hats, broomsticks and evil, cackling laugh. They believe that “Witches exist-or don’t exist-depending on one’s definition of a witch.” “The Internet is another factor that has taken Witchcraft far beyond its esoteric sources. One of the real surprises of the 1980s was the emergence of a strong connection between witches, high technology, and the computer culture.” Pg. 178 “The Horned God and the Moon Goddess are the principle deities of Wicca. The Horned God represents the male aspect of divinity: the Lord of Death, Winter, and the hunt, while the Moon Goddess represents the female aspect: the Mother Goddess, Summer, fertility and birth. Within Wiccan tradition it is believed they can be ‘drawn down’ to possess the High Priestess and High Priest.” Pg. 188

Reflection #1

To find research on Wicca has proven to be slightly difficult, especially through the Internet. Most of the websites provided are not professional sites (ending in .com) and the articles I find are sometimes not available any longer. The ones I have been able to open have typically involved reporting on a recent piece of legislature that is allowing or not allowing Witchcraft in their area. When I started looking for my five sources, I found a YouTube video about Wicca and I was shocked to at the comments left under the video. There’s a lot of tension in the comments left. Most are saying how badly Christians or Catholics are acting with their YouTube comments and that the Wiccans deserve respect for their choice of religion. I agree with those that say that freedom of religion is key here. I may not personally be a Wiccan and I have grown up to be skeptical of tricks, magic and witchcraft but at the same time I find them interesting and really don’t want to inflict pain or harm on them. The majority of those who seem to be Catholic appeared to keep trying to find biblical verses that put down the idea of witchcraft. One person, steelersteve36, posted a Galatians verse “Now the works of the flesh are evident: sexual immorality, impurity, sensuality, idolatry, sorcery (witchcraft), enmity, strife…those who do such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.” After reading this I almost wish I had a YouTube account so I could point out that a lot of people are not making it to the kingdom of God by these standards. But even if they are not going to by the standards of the Bible, I really don’t think that posting biblical versus that point out the “wrong” of Wicca is going to necessarily “save” them. I’m becoming surprised that even though I am not a Wiccan and most likely will not join a different religion than the one I am already in, I am rather angry that people are trying to persuade people through YouTube to stop practicing what they believe to be a religion. As long as it is not doing any harm to themselves or others, I really don’t see why there is such a dispute against Wicca or Witchcraft.

Possible 5 sources that I will use

When we did the starting research on our topics, for Wicca I was able to find a website completely dedicated to Wicca. This website, www.wicca.org, has a lot of information. For this assignment, I focused on just one of the tabs that they provided: the Basic Tenets of Wicca-Craft. In Wicca, they have a design which is a five-pointed star, each of the points is supposed to remind a Wiccan of the Wiccan Rede. These five points are Harmony, reincarnation, power through knowledge, law of attraction and Deity is supposed to exist in the center of the star. I guess the thesis of this article would be that all five of these points reflect good natured, peaceful and self-fulfilling ideas that are the center of Wicca. Their audience appears to be mainly for those that don’t already know or belong to Wicca. They have a link to describe what the Rede is, they don’t speak in a way that everyday people wouldn’t be able to pick up and they explain everything first in how they know it, then in a common way that most other people (those not involved with Wicca) would understand. I was able to find a video through YouTube that was done by National Geographic (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nPsyZJBTeQ). In this video, it featured a woman who lives in England and she just became a Wiccan. They were celebrating the next spring that was coming and they were performing a secret ritual to make incense and to get ready for spring. The thesis for this would probably be that Wiccan practices appear to happen everywhere and they are, again, peaceful practices that are designed to celebrate life between the Goddess and the Earth and it this community in England, people are starting to be accepted. The audience appears to be the general public, particularly those who do not know about Wicca. I think that National Geographic was trying to promote awareness about Wicca so the myths of Wiccans worshipping the devil could be shown as false. My last three sources are books that I found at UC’s library. One of the books I chose is The Encyclopedia of Witches and Witchcraft by Rosemary Ellen Guiley. In her introduction, Rosemary’s thesis would probably be that there is a strong difference between the religious Witchcraft and the sorcerers kind of witchcraft which she is trying to distinguish and that Wicca (or Witchcraft) is becoming exceedingly more and more popular and understood. Her audience would most likely be those that are curious about Wicca and would possibly like to “try it out” or research it more. Her audience could also possibly be for the Wiccans that are new, the encyclopedia points out people who are famously involved, Laws that are declared and the different aspects of Witchcraft and Witches. The next book that I was able to find and will probably use as a source is Witchcraft Myths in American Culture by Marion Gibson. In her introduction her thesis would probably be that Witchcraft has been present for many years, from the past with the Salem hunting, to the Wizard of Oz and Bewitched and that it will continue to be present for many more years.. She highlighted what each of her chapters will be covering and then she went on to list all of the people and places that helped her write her book. The last source that I will be highlighting is History of Witchcraft by Jeffrey B. Russell and Brooks Alexander. Their thesis statement would probably be that no witch has ever probably fit the common stereotype of a “witch” with the warts, conical hats, broomsticks and evil, cackling laugh. They believe that “Witches exist-or don’t exist-depending on one’s definition of a witch.” Their audience sounds like it would be the general public that is interested in reading about and educating themselves on not only the history of witchcraft but also the misconceptions with it as well.

Thesis and Research Question

Research Question: I want to understand Wicca and why people have such negative feelings towards the religion. Do people oppose Wicca because they hear the rumors and don't actually know about it or are there legitimate concerns against Wiccan practices?

Thesis statement: Although many would probably believe that Wicca involves worshipping the devil and dangerous spells, I have found that Wicca is actually usually a peaceful religion that worships nature.

Further Research

I was having a really awful time finding good articles on Wicca. There appears to be a ton of books and encyclopedias, which I will be sure to look into, but the articles and journals were not as plentiful. When I did find an article, sometimes it would show that I found the article but it wouldn’t actually give me the article. Others gave me a “small peak” at what was written in the article and after I got to the bottom of the web page I found that I needed to subscribe to read the rest. I believe that the majority of my information on Wicca will have to come from books for this paper, but I have already found three I can find at Langston Library so I am excited about that. These issues I was having were provided by UC's database and Googlescholar. So after going through UC’s database and Googlescholar, I eventually just decided to go with regular old Google. That’s when I found this website: http://www.wicca.org/. They claim to be the Church and School of Wicca so I took a look. Throughout the website they had different links that lead to even more links! I was able to find the development of Wicca, Literature of Wicca, the Rituals and Worship of Wicca and Ethics all under one tab. This website provided a lot of information that I believe will be really handing when I write my research paper. I also found another website: http://www.religioustolerance.org/wic_faq.htm. This website was mostly "frequently asked questions" about Wicca, but the information was very interesting. They answered what Wicca was, who the God and Goddess are, is Wicca a form of Satanism, the rituals Wiccans typically follow, what following Wicca involves, and how to make contact with other Wiccans just to name a few of the topics covered. I was happy to find one article that I was able to open on UC’s library website http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.proxy.libraries.uc.edu/cgi-bin/fulltext/122582759/PDFSTART. This article is about a case study that someone performed on 90 women that said they were witches. The author interviewed these women to see how they are affected by the media and it also explained a little what witchcraft and wicca was, but they focused mainly on Witchcraft and the Media. The author of this article does not appear to like how Hollywood and the media are portraying witchcraft and wicca. This article looks extremely helpful when bringing forth the controversial issues involving wicca and witchcraft.

Since I was having such large issues with the articles on UC’s website, I do intend to go to the library and hopefully get some help. Some of the articles that UC’s website mentioned on Wicca sounded very interesting, I just couldn’t find out how to open them. The articles I’d like to find would include “The A to Z of witchcraft” by Michael D. Bailey and Wicca: religion or witchcraft? We are used to examining the world's major faiths, but are often resistant to looking deeper into those that seem to run counter to the central beliefs of theism. Gordon Reid looks at the increasingly popular Wiccan faith, and asks whether it has been misunderstood.